EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA
DISCUSSION
2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 and occupies 80 percent of the area of the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically the country is bordered by Jordan, Kuwait, and Iraq to the north, the Red Sea in the west, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on the east, as well as Yemen and Oman to the south. Saudi Arabia is a country that adheres to Islamic-based law where sharia law as the basis of the constitution and the legal system. The discovery of oil fields and increased oil consumption in the early 1970s to encourage industrial development and urbanization is so rapid. Currently, 70% of the population inhabiting large cities and the backbone of the economy remains dependent on the oil industry, while Saudi Arabia many using foreign workers as human resource needs are so great.
2.2 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SAUDI ARABIA
The education system in Saudi Arabia is split between men and women in accordance with Islamic law. In general education system in Saudi Arabia consists of primary education, secondary education / secondary and higher education that will be elaborated further as follows:
1. Basic Education (Primary Education), consisting of:
a. Primary school.
Duration: 6 years (6-12 years)
Mandatory subjects: Arabic language, art, geography, history, economics, household (khusuperempuan), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies and science.
b. Secondary school
Duration: 3 years (ages 12-15 years)
Mandatory subjects: Arabic, art, English, geography, economics, history, household (khusu women), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.
2. Further Education (Secondary Education), consisting of:
a. General Further Education
· Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)
· Mandatory subjects: during the first year received the same general subject, the last 2 years divided into science and social.
· Lesson uumum: Arabic, biology, chemistry, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physics pemdidikan (khusu male), and religious education.
b. Further Education Religion
· Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)
· Mandatory subjects: Arabic language and literature, English language, a common culture, geography, history and religious education.
c. Advanced Engineering Education
· Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)
· There are three types of advanced education techniques, namely:
1. Technically
Studying: architectural, automotive, electrical, mechanical machinery, metal mechanics, radio and television. And additional lessons Arabic, chemistry, English, mathematics, physical education and religious education.
2. Commercial
Learn: Arabic, accounting and bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, economics, English, mathematics economics, general math, geography, management and secretariat, and religious education.
3. agricultural
Studying: agricultural economics, agronomy, animal breeding, applied biology, applied chemistry, applied mathematics, applied physics, Arabic, English, agriculture and land management, horticulture, religious education, marketing, and nutritional food.
3. Higher Education (Higher Education)
Higher education or university in Saudi Arabia menjad divided into two main parts namely:
1. Public Higher Education
Ø University
Ø Institute for Women (college for women)
Ø Institute of public administration (institute of public administration)
All Public Higher Education in the above are under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education (Ministry of Higher Education) that exist in Saudi Arabia . For higher education, the same level as the university in general, namely:
· Strata 1 (Bachelor):
For S1, the time required is 4 years (at least), but for technical, medical, and pharmaceutical needs at least 5 years to complete.
· Strata 2 (Master) :
For S2 (Master) takes at least 2 years to complete with the condition that they must have completed S1. There are two paths to S2, the thesis (by thesis) or college (by course). If we take the path of the thesis, then after completing the courses that have been determined, we must complete a thesis for about one year (two semesters), while for the path to college, we just need menyelesaikas all courses that have been determined, but with the number of courses more.
· Strata 3 (Doctor):
, For S3, the length of time required is three years after completing S2. for S3, we must complete the course and collect dissertation is the result of independent research that has been done.
2. High Religious Education .
Namely the Islamic University of Medina (Islamic University of Medinah), the best university in Saudi Arabia for Islamic religious education, this university is under the supervision of the Council of Ministers (Council of Ministers) .
2.3 EDUCATION SYSTEM In INDONESIA
The education system in Indonesia called the national education system which has the overall sense of interrelated educational component in an integrated manner to achieve national education goals.
The national education system is divided into three (3) parts;
a) Institutional consisting of education and educational pathways.
1. Qualification
Qualification is a stage of education is defined by tingka t. development of learners, objectives to be achieved, and capacities developed. As for the variety of his as follows:
a. early childhood education programs
Referring to Law No. 20 of 2003, Article 1 Clause 14 of the National Education System, Early Childhood Education (ECD) is a development efforts aimed at children from birth to the age of six years are accomplished by providing stimulus education to help physical growth and spiritually so that children have the readiness to enter further education.
b. Basic education
Basic education is the beginning of education for 9 (nine) years of schooling children who underlying secondary education .
c. Middle education
Secondary education is primary education secondary education.
d. Higher education
Higher education is education after secondary education includes diplomas, bachelor's, master's, specialist and doctoral organized by higher education.
2. The educational path
Hiking education is a vehicle through which the learners to develop the potential in an educational process in accordance with the purpose of education. The wide-ranged as follows:
a. formal education
Formal education is education held in schools in general. This educational path has a clear educational levels, ranging from basic education, secondary education, to higher education.
b. non-formal education
This education are most numerous in early childhood and basic education, is a landfill or Taman Pendidikan Al Quran, which is widely available in every mosque and school Sunday contained in all gereja.Selain, there are also a variety of courses, including music lessons, tutoring etc. PNF is functional Literacy Program (KF) , Education Equality A, B, C , Early Childhood Education (ECD); internships; etc. PNF institutions that PKBM, SKB, BPPNFI, and so forth.
c. Informal education
Informal education is the path of family education and the environment shaped kegiata n learn independently conscious and responsible.
b) Type Education consists of general, vocational, and others.
Type of education is a group that is based on the specificity of educational objectives an educational unit. The wide-ranged as follows:
a. general education
Public education is a primary and secondary education that promotes the expansion of the knowledge required by students to continue their education to a higher level. The shape: Elementary School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), and High School to the Top (SMA).
b. vocational education
Vocational education is secondary education that prepares students primarily to work in a particular field. Unit forms of education are vocational schools (SMK).
c. academic education
Academic education is higher education and postgraduate courses directed mainly towards the mastery of specific scientific disciplines.
d. professional education
Professional education is higher education after undergraduate program that prepares students to enter a profession or to become a professional.
e. vocational education
Vocational education is higher education that prepares students to have a job with a certain applied skills in the maximum level 4 diploma equivalent to an undergraduate program (stratum 1).
f. religious education
Religious education is a basic education, secondary, and higher that prepares students to be able to carry out a role that requires the mastery of knowledge and experience of religious teachings and / or become a theologian.
g. special education
Special education is provision of education for learners with disabilities or students who have extraordinary intelligence organized by inclusively (join a regular school) or in the form of special education unit at the level of primary and secondary education (in the form of Special Schools / SLB).
3. The curriculum used in Indonesia in accordance with Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System that has been set by the Ministry of Education.
In the Education Law has a very strategic indicators such as faith-righteous, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and accountable. And to meet the competency requirements of the 21st century, the National Education Law also provides clear guidelines that the purpose of education should be achieved either through the application of curriculum in 2013
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