EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA

EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA

DISCUSSION

2.1  GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 and occupies 80 percent of the area of ​​the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically the country is bordered by Jordan, Kuwait, and Iraq to the north, the Red Sea in the west, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on the east, as well as Yemen and Oman to the south. Saudi Arabia is a country that adheres to Islamic-based law where sharia law as the basis of the constitution and the legal system. The discovery of oil fields and increased oil consumption in the early 1970s to encourage industrial development and urbanization is so rapid. Currently, 70% of the population inhabiting large cities and the backbone of the economy remains dependent on the oil industry, while Saudi Arabia many using foreign workers as human resource needs are so great.

2.2 EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SAUDI ARABIA

The education system in Saudi Arabia is split between men and women in accordance with Islamic law. In general education system in Saudi Arabia consists of primary education, secondary education / secondary and higher education that will be elaborated further as follows:

1.        Basic Education (Primary Education), consisting of:

a.        Primary school.

Duration: 6 years (6-12 years)

Mandatory subjects: Arabic language, art, geography, history, economics, household (khusuperempuan), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies and science.

b.        Secondary school

Duration: 3 years (ages 12-15 years)

Mandatory subjects: Arabic, art, English, geography, economics, history, household (khusu women), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.

2.    Further Education (Secondary Education), consisting of:

a.         General Further Education

·      Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)

·      Mandatory subjects: during the first year received the same general subject, the last 2 years divided into science and social.

·      Lesson uumum: Arabic, biology, chemistry, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physics pemdidikan (khusu male), and religious education.

b.        Further Education Religion

·      Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)

·      Mandatory subjects: Arabic language and literature, English language, a common culture, geography, history and religious education.

c.         Advanced Engineering Education

·      Duration: 3 years (ages 15-18 years)

·      There are three types of advanced education techniques, namely:

1.    Technically

Studying: architectural, automotive, electrical, mechanical machinery, metal mechanics, radio and television. And additional lessons Arabic, chemistry, English, mathematics, physical education and religious education.

2.    Commercial

Learn: Arabic, accounting and bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, economics, English, mathematics economics, general math, geography, management and secretariat, and religious education.

3.    agricultural

Studying: agricultural economics, agronomy, animal breeding, applied biology, applied chemistry, applied mathematics, applied physics, Arabic, English, agriculture and land management, horticulture, religious education, marketing, and nutritional food.

3.             Higher Education (Higher Education)

Higher education or university in Saudi Arabia menjad divided into two main parts namely:

1.                   Public Higher Education

Ø  University

Ø  Institute for Women (college for women)

Ø  Institute of public administration (institute of public administration)

All Public Higher Education in the above are under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education (Ministry of Higher Education) that exist in Saudi Arabia . For higher education, the same level as the university in general, namely:

·      Strata 1 (Bachelor):

For S1, the time required is 4 years (at least), but for technical, medical, and pharmaceutical needs at least 5 years to complete.

·      Strata 2 (Master) :

For S2 (Master) takes at least 2 years to complete with the condition that they must have completed S1. There are two paths to S2, the thesis (by thesis) or college (by course). If we take the path of the thesis, then after completing the courses that have been determined, we must complete a thesis for about one year (two semesters), while for the path to college, we just need menyelesaikas all courses that have been determined, but with the number of courses more.

·      Strata 3 (Doctor):

, For S3, the length of time required is three years after completing S2. for S3, we must complete the course and collect dissertation is the result of independent research that has been done.

2.    High Religious Education .

Namely the Islamic University of Medina (Islamic University of Medinah), the best university in Saudi Arabia for Islamic religious education, this university is under the supervision of the Council of Ministers (Council of Ministers) .

2.3 EDUCATION SYSTEM In INDONESIA

The education system in Indonesia called the national education system which has the overall sense of interrelated educational component in an integrated manner to achieve national education goals.

The national education system is divided into three (3) parts;

a)   Institutional consisting of education and educational pathways.

1. Qualification                                 

Qualification is a stage of education is defined by tingka t. development of learners, objectives to be achieved, and capacities developed. As for the variety of his as follows:

a.    early childhood education programs

Referring to Law No. 20 of 2003, Article 1 Clause 14 of the National Education System, Early Childhood Education (ECD) is a development efforts aimed at children from birth to the age of six years are accomplished by providing stimulus education to help physical growth and spiritually so that children have the readiness to enter further education.

b.   Basic education

Basic education is the beginning of education for 9 (nine) years of schooling children who underlying secondary education .

c.    Middle education

Secondary education is primary education secondary education.

d.      Higher education

Higher education is education after secondary education includes diplomas, bachelor's, master's, specialist and doctoral organized by higher education.

2. The educational path

Hiking education is a vehicle through which the learners to develop the potential in an educational process in accordance with the purpose of education. The wide-ranged as follows: 

a.       formal education

Formal education is education held in schools in general. This educational path has a clear educational levels, ranging from basic education, secondary education, to higher education.

b.      non-formal education

This education are most numerous in early childhood and basic education, is a landfill or Taman Pendidikan Al Quran, which is widely available in every mosque and school Sunday contained in all gereja.Selain, there are also a variety of courses, including music lessons, tutoring etc. PNF is functional Literacy Program (KF) , Education Equality A, B, C , Early Childhood Education (ECD); internships; etc. PNF institutions that PKBM, SKB, BPPNFI, and so forth. 

c.    Informal education

Informal education is the path of family education and the environment shaped kegiata n learn independently conscious and responsible.

b)   Type Education consists of general, vocational, and others.

Type of education is a group that is based on the specificity of educational objectives an educational unit. The wide-ranged as follows:

a.     general education

Public education is a primary and secondary education that promotes the expansion of the knowledge required by students to continue their education to a higher level. The shape: Elementary School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), and High School to the Top (SMA). 

b.    vocational education

Vocational education is secondary education that prepares students primarily to work in a particular field. Unit forms of education are vocational schools (SMK).

c.    academic education

Academic education is higher education and postgraduate courses directed mainly towards the mastery of specific scientific disciplines.

d.   professional education

Professional education is higher education after undergraduate program that prepares students to enter a profession or to become a professional. 

e.    vocational education

Vocational education is higher education that prepares students to have a job with a certain applied skills in the maximum level 4 diploma equivalent to an undergraduate program (stratum 1).

f.     religious education

Religious education is a basic education, secondary, and higher that prepares students to be able to carry out a role that requires the mastery of knowledge and experience of religious teachings and / or become a theologian.

g.    special education

Special education is provision of education for learners with disabilities or students who have extraordinary intelligence organized by inclusively (join a regular school) or in the form of special education unit at the level of primary and secondary education (in the form of Special Schools / SLB).

3.  The curriculum used in Indonesia in accordance with Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System that has been set by the Ministry of Education.

In the Education Law has a very strategic indicators such as faith-righteous, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and accountable. And to meet the competency requirements of the 21st century, the National Education Law also provides clear guidelines that the purpose of education should be achieved either through the application of curriculum in 2013

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COMPARISON OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS INDONESIA AND SAUDI ARABIA

COMPARISON OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS INDONESIA AND SAUDI ARABIA 

1  COMPARISON OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS INDONESIA AND SAUDI ARABIA by: Nana. S3 SCIENCE EDUCATION PROGRAM POST-GRADUATE UNIVERSITY MARCH ELEVEN 

2  PETA SAUDI ARABIA 

3  OVERVIEW OF SAUDI ARABIA the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 and occupies 80 percent of the area of the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically the country is bordered by Jordan, Kuwait, and Iraq to the north, the Red Sea in the west, Qatar Dann United Arab Emirates on the east, as well as Yemen and Oman to the south. 

4  POPULATION IN SAUDI ARABIA 21,504,613% UNDER 15 YEARS OF AGE 2.5% OVER 65 YEARS OF AGE 

5  The education system in Saudi Arabia split between men and women in accordance with Islamic law. In general, the education system is divided into 3 main sections 1. Public education for males 2. General education for girls 3. Islamic Education for men 

6  . Public education is divided into 4 sections consisting of Basic Education Primary school (6-12 years), secondary education (12-15 years), secondary education (15-18 years) and Higher Education (University or College).

7  Education for children of women an entity GAGE GAGE (General Administrasion of Girl 'Education) is in the form of the next year to manage 40% of the total number of students in Sausi Arabia 

8  Islamic Education is traditional for men focused to form a prospective board member of the clergy. The curriculum for the traditional Islamic schools are also part using the general education curriculum, but the focus on Arabic and Islamic Studies In 1985, the total budget for education reached US $ 2.5 billion, equivalent to 3.6 percent of the total national budget of Saudi Arabia. Every local and foreign students at public universities received scholarships every month from the education ministry of SAR 800 to SAR 1000. 

9  Higher education or university in Saudi Arabia are divided into two main parts namely Religious Education and Public Education To enter college in Saudi Arabia, prospective students must meet the college entrance test (General Secondary Education Certificate Examination) or Tawjihi. 

10  For higher education universities, the same level as the university in general, namely: Tier 1 (Bachelor), Tier 2 (Master), and Stratum 3 (Doctor). For S1, the time required is 4 years (at least), but for technical, medical, and pharmaceutical needs at least 5 years to complete. For S2 (Master) takes at least 2 years to complete with the condition that they must have completed S1. 

11  Decree of the King of Saudi Arabia Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz appointed Noura Al Faez woman, as deputy education minister of women's affairs, on Saturday (14/2), giving the message that the wheels of reform in the country goes according to the plan that has been outlined. 

12  SYSTEM OF HIGHER LEARNING AT FIRST FIRST USE SKS. YEAR 1991 AND FINALLY GETS HARD CRITICISM IN STOP. FLEXIBLE SCHEDULE OF MISSING THE USE OF UNIFORM 

13  EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDON ESIA One thing that is important in the improvement of the education system in Indonesia is the budget. The budget required is very large. Therefore, the budget should be sufficient for the success of the changes that will be made. In regard to budget things to get attention is to prevent leakage or corruption. Corruption has a tremendous impact on efforts to reform the nation. Corruption has been able to paralyze the reform and restoration done by the various components. 

14  COMPARISON OF THE INDONESIAN AND SAUDI ARABIA Comparison compulsory education period and ages of children attend preschool NoNegaraWajib Learning Age entered preschool age limit duration 1Arab Arabia - 4 2Indonesia 

15  Comparison of percentage of the population able to read write (literacy) NoNo State 1Arab percentage Arabia Indonesia 

16  Comparison of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Pure enrollment rate (NER) of the basic education level from year to year. State NoNo Know n APKAPM 1 Saudi Arabia Indonesi a 

17  Comparison of the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER) secondary education from year to year NoNegaraTahunAPKAPM 1Arab Arabia Indonesia 

18  Comparison of the educational system and the old age of school entry age to learn basic education and general secondary. 

19  CONCLUSION There are two things that attract the attention of the author of the educator in Saudi Arabia, an Islamic state which is rich in oil resources and always visited by millions of Muslims from around the world. In general it must be recognized education in Saudi still Disadvantaged of many countries in the world. One very relevant in talking about is masalahmasih iliterasi high rate in this country is about 37%. information about ileterasi in Saudi Arabia, revealed that the number of women who can not read and write larger in Bandi ngkan with the number of men 

Comparative Education System Saudi Arabia to Indonesia

Comparative Education System Saudi Arabia to Indonesia

FOREWORD

Praise Allah, who has mercy, Taufik and hidayah-

His to us, so that we can complete a paper Comparative Education System In Saudi Arabia the Indonesian education system with.

Peace be upon not forget we are extended to Youth desert, Kanjeng great Prophet Muhammad SAW as where he as an orphan but he was able to become a true revolutionary, groundbreaking kejumudan thinking and able to bring change to humanity.

Writing this paper was developed to fulfill the task of Comparative Education Course in IAIH Pancor smester VII. In writing this paper the authors feel are still many shortcomings both in technical writing and material, given the ability of the author. To that criticism and suggestions from all parties is the authors expect this effort to improve the manufacture of paper.

Finally, the authors hope that Allah gives rewards in kind to those who have provided help, and can make all of this assistance as worship, Ameen Yaa Robbal 'alamiin.

composer,

PART I

PRELIMINARY

Background

Society, nation and state in Indonesia is experiencing growth and change constantly as a response to the accumulation of problems that occur during this time and the effects of global change, the development of science and technology as well as arts and culture. Indonesia is a developing country, still have much to learn with the State-Developed Countries in pendidikan.Indonesia Today could not go forward because pendiidkan management system that has been unable to run so we pendiidkan in Indonesia today is the Representative of the State that will never be one of the advanced and real form of our current education is education that can not educate children bangsa.Hal demanded the need for improvement of national education system, including curriculum improvement.

Then how education in the country Hajj, Saudi Arabia. Are the advantages of education possessed Saudi Arabia, would be able to take some comparisons. We will try to describe about the education system in Saudi Arabia, hopefully can be used to develop educational materials in Indonesia into a better direction.

FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1.       What is the difference between Saudi Arabia's education system with the education system in Indonesia.

2.       How to model educational structure between Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.

3.       How Role of each country in education for all its citizens.

.RESTRICTING THE PROBLEM

Because of the limitations of our knowledge in the preparation of paper, then in writing this paper, the authors limit the problem as follows:

1. Geographical Saudi Arabia

2. Education System in Saudi Arabia

3. Education System in Indonesia

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 and occupies 80 percent of the area of ​​the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically the country is bordered by Jordan, Kuwait, and Iraq to the north, the Red Sea in the west, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on the east, as well as Yemen and Oman to the south. Saudi Arabia is a country that adheres to Islamic-based law where sharia law as the basis of the constitution and the legal system. The discovery of oil fields and increased oil consumption in the early 1970s to encourage industrial development and urbanization is so rapid. Currently, 70% of the population inhabiting large cities and the backbone of the economy remains dependent on the oil industry, while Saudi Arabia many using foreign workers as human resource needs are so great.

EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SAUDI ARABIA

The education system in Saudi Arabia is split between men and women in accordance with Islamic law. In general education system in Saudi Arabia consists of primary education, secondary education / secondary and higher education that will be elaborated further as follows:

1. Basic Education (Primary Education), consisting of:

a.             Primary school.

·          Duration: 6 years (age 6-12 years)

·          Lessons must: Arabic, art, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.

b.             Secondary school

·          Duration: 3 years (age 12-15 years)

·          Lessons must: Arabic, art, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.

2. Further Education (Secondary Education), consisting of:

a. General Further Education

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

Mandatory subjects: during the first year received the same general subject, the last 2 years divided into science and social (literacy). Students who have a grade of 60% or more may select both, while about 60% had to choose social.

General subjects: Arabic language, biology, chemistry, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (khususlaki male), and religious education.

b. Further Education Religion

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

Arabic language and literature, English language, a common culture, geography, history and religious education.

c. Advanced Engineering Education

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

There are three (3) types of techniques that further education

1)       Technical 

studying:

architectural drawings, automotive, electrical, engine mechanics, metal mechanics, radio and television. And additional lessons in Arabic, chemistry, English, mathematics, physical education and religious education.

2)       Commercial,

Learn: Arabic, accounting and bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, economics, English, mathematics economics, general math, geography, management and secretariat, and religious education.

3)       Agricultural.

Studying: agricultural economics, agronomy, animal breeding, applied biology, applied chemistry, applied mathematics, applied physics, Arabic, English, agriculture and land management, horticulture, religious education, marketing, and nutritional food.

Higher Education (Higher Education)

Higher education or university in Saudi Arabia are divided into two main parts namely:

1)                      Higher Education General

Ø   University,

Ø   Institute for Women (college for women),

Ø   Institute of public administration (institute of public administration)

Ø   Institute teacher (teacher training college).

All Public Higher Education in the above are under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education (Ministry of Higher Education) in Saudi Arabia.

For higher education, the same level as the university in general, namely:

Strata 1 (Bachelor):

For S1, the time required is 4 years (at least), but for technical, medical, and pharmaceutical needs at least 5 years to complete.

Strata 2 (Master) :

For S2 (Master) takes at least 2 years to complete with the condition that they must have completed S1. There are two paths to S2, the thesis (by thesis) or college (by course). If we take the path of the thesis, then after completing the courses that have been determined, we must complete a thesis for about one year (two semesters), while for the path to college, we just need menyelesaikas all courses that have been determined, but with the number of courses more.

 Strata 3 (Doctor):

, For S3, the length of time required is three years after completing S2. for S3, we must complete the course and collect dissertation is the result of independent research that has been done.

2)                   Higher Education Religion .

Namely the Islamic University of Medina (Islamic University of Medinah), the best university in Saudi Arabia for Islamic religious education, this university is under the supervision of the Council of Ministers (Council of Ministers) .

3. EDUCATION SYSTEM In INDONESIA

The education system in Indonesia called the national education system which has the overall sense of interrelated educational component in an integrated manner to achieve national education goals.

The national education system is divided into three (3) parts;

1. Institutional consisting of education and educational pathways.

1. Qualification

Qualification is a stage of education is defined by level

development of learners, objectives to be achieved, and capacities developed. As for the variety of his as follows:

a. early childhood education programs

Referring to Law No. 20 of 2003, Article 1 Clause 14 of the National Education System, Early Childhood Education (ECD) is a development efforts aimed at children from birth to the age of six years are accomplished by providing stimulus education to help physical growth and spiritually so that children have the readiness to enter further education.

b. Basic education

Basic education is the beginning of education for 9 (nine) years

school age children that underlie secondary education.

c. Middle education

Secondary education is primary education secondary education.

d. Higher education

Higher education is education after secondary education includes diplomas, bachelor's, master's, specialist and doctoral organized by higher education.

2. The educational path

Hiking education is a vehicle through which the learners to develop the potential

in an education process in accordance with the purpose of education.

The wide-ranged as follows:

a. formal education

Formal education is education held in schools in general. This educational path has a clear educational levels, ranging from basic education, secondary education, to higher education.

b. non-formal education

This education are most numerous in early childhood and basic education, is TPA,

or Taman Pendidikan Al Quran, which is widely available in every mosque and school

Sunday contained in all gereja.Selain, there are also a variety of courses, including music lessons, tutoring and so on.

PNF is functional Literacy Program (KF);

Education Equality A, B, C;

Early Childhood Education (ECD); internships; etc.

PNF institutions that PKBM, SKB, BPPNFI, and so forth.

c. Informal education

Informal education is family education pathways and environmental form of activities

learn independently conscious and responsible.

2. Types of Education consists of general, vocational, and others.

Type of education is a group that is based on the specificity of educational objectives

an educational unit. The wide-ranged as follows:

a. general education

Public education is a primary and secondary education that prioritizes

expansion of the knowledge required by students to continue their education

to a higher level.

 The shape: Elementary School (SD), Junior High School (SMP), and High School to the Top (SMA).

b. vocational education

Vocational education is secondary education that prepares students primarily to work in a particular field. Unit forms of education are vocational schools (SMK).

c. academic education

Academic education is higher education and postgraduate courses directed mainly towards the mastery of specific scientific disciplines.

d. professional education

Professional education is higher education after undergraduate programs

prepare learners to enter a profession or to become a

Professional.

e. vocational education

Vocational education is higher education that prepares students to have a job with a certain applied skills the maximum in diploma level 4

the equivalent of an undergraduate program (stratum 1).

f. religious education

Religious education is a basic education, secondary, and higher that prepares students to be able to carry out a role that requires the mastery of knowledge and experience of religious teachings and / or become a theologian.

g. special education

Special education is provision of education for learners

disabilities or students who have extraordinary intelligence organized by inclusively (join a regular school) or in the form of special education unit at the level of primary and secondary education (in the form of Special Schools / SLB).

3. The curriculum in use in Indonesia In accordance with Law No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System that has been set by the Minister of Education.

In the Education Law has a very strategic indicators such as faith-righteous, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and accountable. And to meet the competency requirements of the 21st century, the National Education Law also provides clear guidelines that the purpose of education should be achieved either through the application of curriculum in 2013.

CHAPTER III

COVER

A. Conclusion

•       There are two things that attract the attention of the educators in Saudi Arabia, an Islamic state which is rich in oil resources and always visited by millions of Muslims from around the world. In general it must be recognized education in Saudi still Disadvantaged of many countries in the world. One very relevant in talking about is the problem of the high level of iliterasi in this country is about 37%.

•       information about ileterasi in Saudi Arabia, revealed that the number of women who can not read and write is greater in comparison with the number of men

•       One thing that is important in the improvement of the education system in Indonesia is the budget. The budget required is very large. Therefore, the budget should be sufficient for the success of the changes that will be made.

•                In regard to budget things to get attention is to prevent leakage or corruption. Corruption has a tremendous impact on efforts to reform the nation. Corruption has been able to paralyze the reform and restoration done by the various components.

B. Advice - advice

1. The leaders, particularly leaders in the field of education, in deciding policies on education, should be based on criteria well, in order to enhance educational goals to a better direction.

2. The teacher or educator should always improve the competence of expertise, so that education can be run and achieve the results as expected

Portrait Studies Education System in Saudi Arabia

Portrait Studies Education System in Saudi Arabia

PRELIMINARY

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in the 1920s, but the proclamation of the country conducted in 1932 by King Abdul Aziz ibn Abdul Rahman al-Sa'ud. Thus, the founder of this kingdom was King Abdul Aziz (deceased) who died in 1373 H or 1953 AD, and was replaced by his son, King Abdul Aziz ibn Ra'ud. Thereafter, successive King of Saudi Arabia is the King Faisal, King Khaled, and followed King Fahd ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Sa'ud.

The education system in Saudi Arabia is basically taking the existing curriculum in other Arab countries, especially the countries of Egypt, with more emphasis on religious subjects. The curriculum for the schools of men and women at every level of the same in practice the same except school subjects women add household management, while adding a male school physical subjects that are not taught at a girls' school. Private schools required by law to follow the same curriculum as the public schools.

In this paper the authors will describe the discussion of the study of the portrait of the education system in Saudi Arabia. Starting from portrait system of government, education system, demographic and income country, and so on Countries Saudi Arabia.

DISCUSSION

      A.    Images System of Government

The country's official name is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ) which was established in 1932. Earlier the birth of this country when Abdul-Azeez Ibn Abdur-Rahman and Sultan al-Saud of Nejd and followers unite the two parts of the country under one administration and one name. Said Saudi itself comes from the name of the ruling House of Saud. The house or palace of Saud has been in power since 1744 when its founder Muhammad Ibn Saud, emir or penduasa Diri'yah area, a small state of semi-independence in Najd (in the middle of the Arab region) started entering the political-religious alliance with Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, a reformist Muslim fundamentalists. This alliance gives legal recognition to the region and to the Saudi fundamentalist reformist political support and military jihad in order to purify the faith and healing every prektek-prektek gross considered as part of the modernization. In the 1990s, this alliance is still alive and altif among the descendants of Muhammad Ibn Saud, and a descendant of Muhammad Ibn Wahhab, and also live in the network Wahhabist scholars. This alliance is part of the recognition of the Saudi state. [1]

The system of government Saudi Arabia is a monarchy or empire, with the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad as its laws. Legislative and judicial powers held by the council and the king's cabinet. This time his crown prince is Prince Abdullah ibn Abdul Aziz al-Saud, who is also the Deputy Prime Minister and Commander of the National Guard.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia commemorate the national day every year, on the first day of the constellation Libra, which is dated September 23, according to the date of the establishment of the kingdom by King Abdul Aziz al-Sa'ud. Official calendar is the Islamic calendar, which is guided over the events of the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, which coincided with the year 622 AD [2]

    B.     Demographic Conditions and Potential Income Countries

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia located in the southwest corner of the Asian continent, covers an area of 2.4.00.000 km 2 , occupying 4/5 or 80 o / o  of the total area of the Arabian Peninsula. On the western border with Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait; on the east by the Arabian Gulf; in the south bordering Oman and Yemen. Its population of more than 16.9 million inhabitants (1994), with Riyadh as its capital. Saudi Arabia belong to the geographical conditions specific: mostly desert, hills, and in some areas adjacent to the river or sea. [3]

Geographically, Saudi Arabia is divided into three land parcels that lie far from the northern tip to far to the south end. Soil eastern part became the Saudi Eastern Province, the land becomes the center of the central province (or Nejd); western part of the land is divided into two provinces: Propins west (or Hijaz) and the South Province (or Asseer). Except for the mountainous area in the southwestern province of Asseer, Saudi Arabia generally Yag dry desert area that gets an average rainfall of 100 millimeters per year.

Historically, harsh environments and rough, plus malnutrition and health care facilities, resulting in sparse population living in an area. During the 1960s the population is estimated at only 1.5 to 2 million people ( Stacey International 1977). Increased revenue from oil, especially during the 1960s and continuous improvement of education, nutrition, and health facilities has affected the reduction in infant mortality, increasing life expectancy and the time limit reduced emigration.

Before the commercial oil production at the start of 1938, the revenues may be said to be very small and mainly comes from foreign aid, money has come from foreign Muslims perform the pilgrimage and of annual tax ( tithe ) which is in the form borne by the cattle agricultural production

In 1991, there is a new unofficial statistics, which recorded a population of Saudi Arabia is, about 16 million people, 11.5 million (72%) are citizens, and 4.5 million (28%) are guest workers and their followers. The average growth of native Arab population was 3.65%, mainly through the birth, while the growth of foreign population 4.3%, primarily through immigration. [4]

Saudi Arabia including the biggest wheat exporter to-6 (1991). High-quality date palm plantations are also able to penetrate the international market. To improve the service to pilgrims, local authorities continue to build and renovate various buildings and facilities associated with the pilgrimage, including the construction and renovation of mosques in Mecca and Medina. For centuries the Hajj is not just run a religious duty, but as a source of foreign exchange in the world to beat a limited income results tourist visits other countries . [5]

After World War II, Saudi Arabia's oil production into state revenue base; although only started in 1973 when there was a revolution in world oil prices, the national development Saudi Arabia has increased dramatically. State Budget (APBN) Saudi Arabia in 1977 reached 40 billion US $, three years later, in 198, increased to 70 billion US $. Content is only the fund is able to develop the city's infrastructure. Not to miss, the field of education. Aside from visiting pilgrims, the economic power of Saudi Arabia comes from oil. [6]

    C.    Philosophy of Education who cite Basic Education Development

Thinking about education in Saudi Arabia initially patterned kuttab education and the education system in Saudi Arabia separate men and women in accordance with Islamic law. Thus, when viewed from the realm of philosophy, Arabia is promoting the ideology of the nation which is an Islamic country. [7]

In 1989, Saudi Arabia has the education system with more than 14,000 educational institutions, including seven universities and teacher training, eleven universities, in addition to schools for vocational and technical training, special needs and adult literacy. The system is growing very rapidly, so that in 1988-1989 alone, 950 new schools opened to accommodate 400,000 new students.

Administratively, the two organizations oversee most educational institutions in the kingdom. The education department supervise the education of boys, educational programs for disability, education of adults and junior colleges to laiki men. Girls 'education is managed by the Directorate General of Girls' Education, an organization run by clerics, working closely with the Ministry of Education. Derektoral General oversees the general education of girls, kindergarten and nurseries for both boys and girls and literacy programs hurif women, as well as college and junior college education for girls. Department of Higher Education is the supervising authority of the royal colleges and universities. [8]

       D.    Strategic Policy Field Of Education

The education system in Saudi Arabia split between men and women in accordance with Islamic law. In general, the education system is divided into three main sections:

1.      Public education for men

2.      General education for women

3.      Islamic education to boys

For general education, both men and women receive the same curriculum and the same annual exam anyway. General exam is divided into 4 sections: Basic Education consisting of SD (6-12 years), secondary education (12-15 years), secondary pendidian (15-18 years) and higher education (University or Academic). [9]

As a form of youth development, Saudi Arabia seek to enhance their performance in the field of sport and culture are handled by the State Agency for Youth Welfare Affairs ( General Presidency of Youth Welfare ). King fadh International Stadium in Riyadh, inaugurated in 1408 H or 1988 AD is one of the centers of world sports arena which can accommodate 80,000 spectators.

The problem of education in Saudi Arabia is handled by two departments, both departments are:

1.      Wizarah al-Ma'rifaWa al-Tsaqafah (Ministry of Science and Culture), which handles Elementary and Secondary Education, both general and specific

2.      Wizarah al-Ta'lim al-Aly (Ministry of Higher Learning), which handles higher education institutions, both within Public Higher Education (PTU) and Religion (PTA). [10]

     E.     Policy Against State Islamic Religious Education

Since the 1950s, Saudi Arabia has launched an educational endeavor. Education was established free of charge for all residents, the entire cost is borne by the government. Even certain school or institution established abroad to popularize Arabic or Islamic studies, not only without charge, but applicants who received funding for benefits for accommodation, books and others. Lately, Saudi Arabia has doubled His translation of the Qur'an and which has been ratified by the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Indonesia to be printed and distributed to various mosques and other Islamic educational institutions. [11]

Since the 1920s, a small number of private institutions have been offering limited secular education for boys, but it was not until 1951 that an extensive program of publicly funded secondary school starts. In 1957, the first university not dedicated to religious subjects, university Riyadh, then replaced with King Saud University, was established. Ministry of education, given public educational institutions for boys, founded in 1954. The publicly funded education for girls started in 1960 under the inspiration of then Crown Prince Faisal and his wife Iffat.

Traditional Islamic education for men focused to form a prospective board member of the clergy. The curriculum for the traditional Islamic schools are also part using the general education curriculum, but the focus on Islamic studies and Arabic. For religious education, carried out under the supervision of Imam Saud Islamic University (Riyadh) and the Islamic University of Madinah (Medina). However, in public universities, Islamic religious instruction is a compulsory subject any student majors. [12]

   F.     Curriculum Development and Workforce Development

1.      Curriculum development

With little expertise in modern education, the education system in Saudi Arabia is basically taking the existing curriculum in other Arab countries, especially the countries of Egypt, with more emphasis on religious subjects. The curriculum for the schools of men and women at every level of the same in practice the same except school subjects women add household management, while adding a male school physical subjects that are not taught at a girls' school. Private schools required by law to follow the same curriculum as the public schools.

Implementing the curriculum is monitored through various ways such as through principals, visits by inspectors from district offices, and also through the end of the examination system that covers all the material that should be taught in each semester. [13]

2.      Personnel Development.

Most schools in Saudi Arabia executed at three management levels: school, district, and national levels. At the school level, the principal responsible for carrying out the daily operations of the school, such as discipline, lists, presence, registration, supervision of teachers and so on. All schools in certain districts included in a district directorate that acts as a link between each school and the central government ministry or organization which she is employed.

District Directorate is responsible for the placement of teachers, disputes between teachers and principals, the complaints of parents, school logistics, and others. Ministries or national agencies located in the capital city, Riyadh. Common functions national offices are lifting personnel, establish policies and curriculum, allocate funds, make plans, make the selection and printing of textbooks, carry out supervision and mengadministrasian various educational efforts.

To provide teachers in expanding primary school in Saudi, teacher education institutions established by the government. Education program lasts for two years with prospective students of primary school graduates. These institutions then increased its program into three years after junior high school graduates, and this is what most of today who become primary school teachers in Saudi Arabia. Teachers for junior high school and above are generally four-year college graduates, although some teachers of junior high school graduates of teacher education programs at the secondary level. [14]

     G.    Hierarchical arrangements of Education System Developed

Basic level, set up two kinds of madrassas, the Madrasah al-Qur'an (type of educational garden Qur'an in Indonesia) and the Islamic Elementary School (elementary school) replaces the village school were removed in 1954. For the secondary level, there are two levels of all public schools (non-vocational), namely Kafaah and Tuhijiyah each three years old, but later changed to I'dadiyah long learning is also three years. Changes in education policy in Saudi Arabia is not experiencing difficulties, including the fact considering the composition of a homogeneous society, with Islam as the only way of life.

Upper secondary level called MTs there are two departments, namely Ilmi (majoring in science) and Adabi (Department of literature). The school is of a general nature (nonkejuruan) with a focus on preparing students to continue their studies to the level of higher education. Nonetheless, for those who intend to go into the community are provided with specific skills by educational institutions with various alternative majors, such as teacher training, enterprise, trade, kejian Koran and Islamic theology. [15]

Education for children of Saudi women is managed exclusively by a body that is the General Administration of Girl's Education (GAGE), which was formed in 1960. The establishment of special schools for children of women delayed because of the sense objections from some parents and scholars considers that the establishment of modern schools were detrimental to the children of women. Schools this woman was placed under the supervision and management of the clergy, and thus separate from the Ministry of Education.

The entire pre-school education in Saudi Arabia, whether public or private are under GAGE. The reason is because all personnel involved in the management, administrative staff or teachers are women. In these schools apply koedukasional system in which boys may be merged with the girls until they are 7 years old. After that they began to separate, the boys continue their education to schools under the Ministry of Education, and daughters to schools that are under GAGE. [16]

     H.    The Difference Between Private Education Institute and State Owned

Expansion Formal religious education programs in the community that technological modernization has created some economic dislocation and some degree of social polarization between those who are equipped mainly with religious education and they are ready to work a modern economic sector.

The private sector, for example, where most of the employment growth is estimated to 1990-1995, the work done is projected to increase by 213 500, but at the same time Saudi Arabia labor is estimated to increase by 433 900. As a result, increasing numbers of graduates in religious studies in 1985, 2733 students at the Islamic University of Madinah and more than 8,000 at Muhammad bin Saud University in Riyadh is a potential source of dissatisfaction from the state and the modernization agenda. [17]

CHAPTER III

COVER

The system of government Saudi Arabia is a monarchy or empire, with the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad as its laws. Legislative and judicial powers held by the council and the king's cabinet.

Geographically, Saudi Arabia is divided into three land parcels that lie far from the northern tip to far to the south end. Soil eastern part became the Saudi Eastern Province, the land becomes the center of the central province (or Nejd); western part of the land is divided into two provinces: Propins west (or Hijaz) and the South Province (or Asseer).

The education system in Saudi Arabia is basically taking the existing curriculum in other Arab countries, especially the countries of Egypt, with more emphasis on religious subjects. For the development of education personnel, government building of teacher education institutions.

Education System in Saudi Arabia split between men and women according to Islamic law. In general, the education system is divided into three main parts: general education for men, public education for girls, d an Islamic education for men

Education System In Saudi Arabia

Education System In Saudi Arabia

     A.   Background

Education is a very important aspect of life. Through education, the quality of a country can be known. Education was able to show whether or not a country forward. Not infrequently education serve as benchmarks in the progress of a country. Therefore, each country vying to advance the field of education to promote the country, including in Saudi Arabia.

The country's official name is the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which was established on 23 September 1932 with a capital of Riyadh. This kingdom was led first by King Abdul Aziz bin Abdurrahman al-Sa'ud, in other words the name is derived from the name of the Saudi royal family of Abdul Aziz bin Abdurrahman al-Sa'ud.

Saudi Arabia occupies 80 percent of the area of the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically the country is bordered by Jordan, Kuwait, and Iraq to the north, the Red Sea in the west, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates on the east, as well as Yemen and Oman to the south. Saudi Arabia is a country that adheres to Islamic law based on which the laws of sharia as the basis of the constitution and the legal system. The discovery of oil fields and increased oil consumption in the early 1970s to encourage industrial development and urbanization is so rapid. Currently, 70% of the population inhabiting large cities and the backbone of the economy remains dependent on the oil industry, while Saudi Arabia many using foreign workers as human resource needs are so great. [1]

     B.    Purpose of Education

Besides the working world, the appeal of the other Saudi Arabia is the world of education. Saudi Arabia is the purpose of education:

1.    to provide at least basic education for all citizens

2.    to prepare students with the skills necessary for economic development that is constantly changing .

3.    for memdidik children in the beliefs, practices and cultural values ​​of Islam.

     C.    type of Education

In general, the education system is divided into three main sections:

1.    Public education for men

2.    General education for women

3.    Islamic education for men

For general education, both men and women receive the same curriculum and the same annual exam anyway. Public education is divided into four sections:

1.    Basic education consists of elementary school (6-12 years).

2.    Secondary education (12-15 years).

3.    Secondary education (15-18 years).

4.    Higher Education (University or College).

Traditional Islamic education for men focused to form a prospective board member of the clergy. The curriculum for the traditional Islamic schools are also part using the general education curriculum, but the focus on Islamic studies and Arabic. For religious education, carried out under the supervision of Imam Saud Islamic University (Riyadh) and the Islamic University of Madinah (Medina). However, in the public universities of Islamic religious instruction is a compulsory subject any student majoring taken.

In 1985, the total budget for education reached US $ 2.5 billion, equivalent to 3.6% of the total national budget of Saudi Arabia. Every local and foreign students at public universities received scholarships every month from the education ministry of SAR 800 to SAR 1000.

Education System in Saudi Arabia consists of  primary education, secondary education and higher education  that will be elaborated further as follows:

1.     Basic Education (Primary Education) , consisting of:

   I.        Primary school

Duration: 6 years (age 6-12 years)

Mandatory subjects: Arabic language, art, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.

 II.        Secondary school

Duration: 3 years (age 12-15 years)

Mandatory subjects: Arabic, art, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (especially male), Islamic studies, and science.

2.    Further Education (Secondary Education) , consisting of:

  I.        General Further Education

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

Mandatory subjects: during the first year received the same general subject, the last 2 years divided into science and social (literacy). Students who have a grade of 60% or more may select both, while about 60% had to choose social.

General subjects: Arabic language, biology, chemistry, English, geography, history, home economics (women only), mathematics, physical education (especially male), and religious education.

 II.        Further Education Religion

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

Arabic language and literature, English language, a common culture, geography, history and religious education.

III.        Advanced Engineering Education

There are three types of advanced education techniques, namely technical, commercial, and agricultural. 

Duration: 3 years (age 15-18 years).

Curriculum:

-   Technical : architectural drawings, automotive, electrical, engine mechanics, metal mechanics, radio and television. With extra lessons in Arabic, chemistry, English, mathematics, physical education, physics, and religious education.

-   Commercial:  Arabic, accounting and bookkeeping, commercial correspondence, economics, English, mathematics economics, general math, geography, management and secretariat, and religious education.

-   Agricultural:  agricultural economy, agronomy, animal breeding, applied biology, applied chemistry, applied mathematics, applied physics, Arabic, English, agriculture and land management, horticulture, religious education, marketing, and nutritional food. [2]

3.    higher education

Higher education or university in Saudi Arabia are divided into two main parts namely Religious Education and General Education. However, now it is very much a university that combines the two. Type college in Saudi Arabia is a university, college for women (college for women), public administration institute (institute of public administration) and teacher training institutes (teacher training college). All universities are under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education (Ministry of Higher Education) unless the Islamic University of Medina (Islamic University of Medinah), the best university in Saudi Arabia for Islamic religious education, which is under the supervision of the Council of Ministers (Council of Ministers). To enter college in Saudi Arabia, prospective students must meet the college entrance test (General Secondary Education Certificate Examination) or Tawjihi.

1.    Higher Education Universities

For higher education universities, the same level as the university in general, namely: Tier 1 (Bachelor), Tier 2 (Master), and Stratum 3 (Doctor). For S1, the time required is 4 years (at least), but for technical, medical, and pharmaceutical needs at least 5 years to complete. For S2 (Master) takes at least 2 years to complete with the condition that they must have completed S1.

There are two paths to S2, the thesis (by thesis) or college (by course). If we take the path of the thesis, then after completing the courses that have been determined, we must complete a thesis for about one year (two semesters), while for the path to college, we just need menyelesaikas all courses that have been determined, but with the number of courses more.

For S3, the length of time required is three years after completing S2. for S3, we must complete the course and collect dissertation is the result of independent research that has been done. Moreover, additional requirements are sometimes required, such as: at least publish a journal on international or international conferences.

In addition, there are some special university for the women who mostly focus on science education. Study is available for a women's university is starting from S1 to S3.

Major universities in Saudi Arabia in between King Saud University, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, King Abdul Aziz University, King Faisal University, and a new university, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).

2.    Non University Higher Education

a.    Technical College

Higher education is equivalent to diploma to be completed during three years. The fields are available: automatic control, auto electrical systems, automotive, electrical equipment, electrical installations, chemical industry, electronics industry, and production techniques.

b.    Higher Technical Institute

Education is like D1 that can be completed in 1 year.

c.     Higher Technical Institutes for Financial and Commercial Science

Higher education is specific to the financial and commercial science. The curriculum provided are: accounting, commercial and business correspondence, English language, insurance, Islamic culture, marketing and advertising, purchasing and inventory, and secretariat. Long education that must be taken is for 2 years.

d.    The Institute of Public Administration

Older studies for this type of higher education is for 2 to 3 years. The fields available are: banking (2 years), electronic data processing (2.5 years), the hospital administration (2 years), library science (3 years), science personnel (2 years), science secretariat (2 years), and science warehousing (2 years).

e.    Teacher Training College

For teacher education is divided into three departments: elementary and secondary school teachers first (primary school), high school teacher (secondary school), and teachers' continuing education (higher education). [3]

     D.   Curriculum and Teaching Methods

The education system in Saudi Arabia is basically taking the existing curriculum in other Arab countries, especially Egypt, with more emphasis on religious subjects. The curriculum for the schools of men and women at every level of the same in practice at the school unless women add to their subject area of ​​household management, while men add to the school physical education lessons, which are not taught at a girls' school.

Private schools required by law to follow the same curriculum as the public schools. But may add to the pelajran popular as English and computers.

Regarding the teaching methods may not be uniform and will vary between subjects. Teachers of religious subjects emphasize rote, and rarely use teaching tools in addition to the board. Arabic teacher uses a blackboard besides using rote methods of text. Teachers use the exact science laboratory equipment that was available at the school. But almost all school laboratories completely incomplete, either deficiencies in the equipment, or the professional staff, or both. Language laboratory is available only to schools that belong to the elite of English language teaching.

Arabic is the language of instruction from primary, secondary to upper secondary level. In college, Arabic became the language of instruction in the arts, humanities and social sciences. English is the language of instruction in the fields of engineering, medicine and natural sciences.

     E.    Exams, increase in class, and Certification

In grade 1 to 12, the academic year is divided into two semesters. The study materials for one year divided by 2 bagian.pada end of the semester, held exams that include lesson material a semester. Student test scores are added to the second half and generate value for that year. If the value is lower than a certain percentage, usually 50%, the student fails in his subjects and must take the exam again in the summer. Had pupil concerned fails again obtain a minimum grade, he was forced to repeat the same grade, take back all subjects, including those that are already getting good value. Successfully passing the test, the criteria for the ride of a higher grade.

The college also takes place in the semester system, but at some universities use semester credit units (SKS), and thus students who fail in one subject does not have to repeat the whole year tau semesters, or repeating all courses taken years or half of it. Repeated only subjects that have not passed the course, with a note that the course is a compulsory subject.

      F.    Evaluation and Research Education

There were improvements in the quality of educational research of Saudi Arabia in the years 1980s. However, this improvement occurred in research conducted by professors or doctoral students in the faculties of education. Research centers at the Ministry of Education and GAGE ​​lack of staff and lack of funding so that the study produced remains inadequate, both in terms of quality, quantity and in the skopnya.

While the quality of research conducted in the framework of the completion of education-title, is generally accepted by international standards, but is still considered to be weak in terms of focus. There is no map of the research and there is no priority. Educational institutions that there rarely is financing the research, not even once proposed research titles. As a result, almost all educational research less relevant to education activities Saudi Arabia.