EDUCATION AUSTRALIA

EDUCATION AUSTRALIA 

Australia is a society that is stable, democratic, culturally diverse and is accompanied by a skilled workforce and a strong economy and competitive. With a population of over 21 million, Australia is the only nation to govern an entire continent and a country with a land area sixth largest in the world. Australia's multicultural society includes its Indigenous peoples and migrants from some 200 countries. Australia is one of the oldest in the world's land mass and human beings have inhabited some 60,000 years. Before the arrival of European settlers, residents of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the continent. Australia's contemporary history is relatively short, with the first European settlement was established by the United Kingdom on January 26, 1788 [1]. 

Australia has 10 percent of the world's biodiversity and a large number of plants, animals and birds exist nowhere else in the world. Australia is committed to conserving the natural heritage and its unique environment and has a range of protection procedures, including World Heritage listings and many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Australia is one of the most economically resilient, high in the world. Australia has an efficient government sector, a flexible labor market and a very competitive business sector. With abundant natural resources, Australia has a high standard of living since the 19th century, Australia has made substantial investments in social infrastructure, including education, training, health and transport. Australia's workforce totaling about 10 million highly trained. Many senior managers and technical staff have international experience, while almost half of Australia's workforce has a university qualification, vocational or diploma. In a global economy, language skills are essential for the workforce. Although Australia is a country berpenutur English, more than 5 million people speak a second language. 

Australia offers the familiarity of a Western business culture with a workforce capable of operating in both Asian and Western business environments, because Australia has a large number of Asian language skills in the region. Language skills and other abilities that attract foreign companies partly a result of society's culturally diverse Australia. Migrants have a marked influence on all aspects of Australian society. For more than 60 years of planned post-war migration, Australia has welcomed more than 6.5 million migrants from over 200 countries, including more than 660,000 refugees. Australia's population has increased from about seven million to more than 21 million [2]. The Australian education system of the highest standard and enjoys international recognition. School attendance is compulsory throughout Australia, contributing to an 99 percent literacy rate. Schools in Australia to develop the skills and confidence of the students. 

Australian university graduates excel in leading-edge research and innovation, as well as vocational and technical education to promote the industrial sector is growing rapidly. Australia is also one of the leading providers of education and training in the world for international students, including English language training. More than 400,000 students from around 200 countries receive an Australian education each year. Courses are offered both in Australia and overseas. Australian education and training system is subject to continuous review and control by government, industry and professional bodies to maintain and improve its already high standards. Quality assurance in Australian higher education is based on a strong partnership between the higher education sector and the Australian Government, state and territory. This partnership ensures nationally consistent standards in approval and accreditation, external monitoring and independent quality audit. A. 

Education System in Australia Education in Australia is not held by the central government, but left to each state or territory. Thus, every state has the right to hold a different education. It is based on the constitution of Australia, where education is the responsibility of the state. In every state, a Ministry of Education with an education department carry out primary and secondary education, and sometimes also of preschool education. Thus, each state and mainland territory has its own authority in the implementation of education. According to Law No. 20 Year 2003 on National Education System mentioned in Article 1 Paragraph 8 that education is the stage of education is defined by the level of development of learners, objectives to be achieved, and capacities developed. Judging from formal education, Australia is made up of three stages of education, namely primary education (primary schools), secondary education (secondary education, including secondary school / high schools) and higher education (tertiary education in universties or TAFE [techical and further education ] college).

There are times when, before entering primary school, students entering kindergarten or kindergarten. In Australia, basic education is the basis for entering the next level, ie secondary education. Merupakah advanced secondary education from primary education. The final stage is higher education, which includes several programs, the diploma, undergraduate, master's, specialist, and doctoral organized by the college. Education in Australia, require students to take compulsory, ie at the level of primary school (SD) and junior secondary school (SMP). 

Thus, compulsory in Australia which is 10 years. Furthermore, students can go to senior high school. Terms committed to education in Australia is the year 1-12 (from primary school level to high school). At the level of senior high school, every student has the obligation to choose a vocational education or general education. Vocational training geared to the labor market, meaning that graduates of vocational education will be ready to work after graduation. Each state has a Vocational Education and Training (Vocational Education and Training or VET). VET prepare learners to work without the need to get a college degree. For students who take general education, pursue a higher education diploma, bachelor degree, and so on. Here are the qualifications of Australian qualifications framework (AQF or Australian Qualification Framework) according to the education sector. 

To test for students who apply nationally, Australia held NAPLAN (National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy). Each year, all students who are in year 3, 5, 7, and 9 to perform tests on the same day. The test materials include reading, writing, language (spelling, grammar, and punctuation), and calculation. B.      Curriculum in Australia Australian Curriculum development is guided by the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, adopted by the board of education minister States and territories in December 2008. The Melbourne Declaration emphasizes the importance of knowledge, understanding and skills learning areas, general capabilities and cross-curriculum priorities as the basis for a curriculum designed to support 21st century learning. Australian Curriculum provides for the right to obtain for each student Australia. Matters relating include basic things to achieve success, lifelong learning, and participation in Australian society.

This means that the needs and interests of students will vary, so that schools and teachers will plan a curriculum based on the needs and interests. Australian Curriculum also recognizes changes in the way in which students will learn, and there are shared challenges that will continue to shape their learning in the future ahead. Curriculum Australia will be developed for all learning areas and subjects specified in Melbourne Declaration: initially for English, math, science / science and history, followed by geography, language, art, economics, business, and civic, health education and sport , as well as information and communication technology.

Australian Curriculum sets out what should be learned by students through the curriculum specifications and learning expected at their school grades through the specification of standards of achievement (the specification of achievement standards). In a world where science can terkembang constant, students need to develop skills, attitudes and dispositions, or the ability of general throughout the content discipline and equip them to become lifelong learners, able to operate with confidence, information-rich, in a globalized world [ 3]. 

Australian Curriculum focuses on seven general abilities, ie 

1)       the ability to write and read-literacy, 

2)       the ability to count-numeracy, 

3)       information communication technology, 

4)       thinking skills, 

5)       decency, 

6)       creativity, 

7)       self-management, 

8)       cooperation in a team-teamwork, 

9)       the notion of cross-cultural-intercultural understanding, 

10)   social competence 

Three-dimensional cross-curriculum (cross-curriculum dimensions) is 

1)       the history and culture of the indigenous population (indigenous history and culture) 

2)       Asia and Australia's involvement in Asia (Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia) 

3)       Sustainability (Sustainability) Australian curriculum is the curriculum dial nets (online) which provides maximum flexibility in terms of how the curriculum can be accessed and managed. 

For example, users can view, download and print the curriculum for certain areas of learning at the level of one year or for different levels of the year in a lump sum. They also can view, download and print the contents with memfokusikan on one or more of the common capability or the dimensions of the existing cross-curriculum. 

C.      Personnel in Australia 

1.       Terms Teachers in Australia Terms of teachers to teach in Australia is determined by each state and territory of Australia. Qualification standards between the states and territories are different from one another. However, the similarity is that each teacher must have a teaching certificate. To obtain a teaching certificate, prospective teachers in Australia must take certain education. When prospective teachers have not completed the S1 level, then he should register at S1 majoring in education (Bachelor of Education), which lasted for four years. However, if the prospective teachers have completed the S1 outside the education department, the prospective teachers must follow some programs, namely: 

a)       Bachelor of Education (graduate entry) - 1.5-2 years 

b)       Graduate Diploma of Education - 1 year (equivalent to a teacher certificate program) 

c)       Masters of Teaching - 1.5 years Each of these programs are available for learning at primary or secondary level.